Regulation of chronic inflammatory and immune processes by extracellular vesicles

Extracellular Membrane Vesicles and Immune Regulation in the Brain

The brain is characterized by a complex and integrated network of interacting cells in which cell-to-cell communication is critical for proper development and function. Initially considered as an immune privileged site, the brain is now regarded as an immune specialized system. Accumulating evidence reveals the presence of immune components in the brain, as well as extensive bidirectional commu...

Application of extracellular vesicles in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is caused by genetic, environmental, microbial and immune factors. IBD has two primary forms: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn´s disease. The incidence of IBD has significantly increased over the last few decades. Given that patients have poor response to drug treatments or are resistant to drug therapies, new therapies are needed for gastrointestinal i...

Immune Modulation by Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Glioblastoma

Isolation and characterization of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii extracellular vesicles

Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain active biological compounds which play important roles in biological processes. The secretion of EVs is a common phenomenon which occurs in archaea, bacteria and mammalian cells. The secretion of bacterial EVs has been discovered in various species of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the comm...

EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW

Background & Aims: Extracellular vesicles are double phospholipid layer vesicles releasing from several cells.  These particles contain bio-molecules including mRNA, miRNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids which play a pivotal role in the cell to cell communication. Once delivered, they participate to change target cell function, fate, morphology, differentiation, and growth. The present study is a re...